When selecting the appropriate waterproof level for electronic products, lighting fixtures, automotive components, or industrial equipment, IPX4 and IPX5 waterproof ratings are among the most frequently compared options. Both ratings are defined under IEC 60529, yet they provide different levels of protection against water exposure.
So, what is the difference between IPX4 and IPX5, and which one is right for your application? This guide explains the standards, use cases, shower suitability, and the professional test equipment required for accurate compliance verification.
What Is an IPX Waterproof Rating? (IEC 60529 Explained)
The Ingress Protection (IP) Code, established by IEC 60529, classifies the degree of protection provided by enclosures against solids and liquids.
- IP: Ingress Protection
- X: Dust protection not tested
- Number (3, 4, 5, 6): Level of water protection
This article focuses on IPX4 and IPX5 water resistance levels.
IPX4 Waterproof Rating: Protection Against Water Splashes
An IPX4-rated device is protected against water splashing from any direction without harmful effects.
IPX4 Characteristics:
- Protection type: Splashing water
- Water pressure: Low to moderate
- Typical applications:
- Outdoor lighting fixtures
- Electrical cabinets
- Consumer electronics
- Automotive electronic components
IPX4 is suitable for environments where light rain or occasional splashes are expected.
IPX5 Waterproof Rating: Protection Against Water Jets
An IPX5 rating indicates that a device can withstand water jets projected from any direction, offering significantly stronger protection than IPX4.
IPX5 Test Conditions (IEC 60529):
- Nozzle diameter: 6.3 mm
- Water flow rate: 12.5 ± 0.625 L/min
- Spray distance: 2.5 – 3 m
- Test duration: Minimum 1 minute per square meter, at least 3 minutes
Typical IPX5 Applications:
- Outdoor electrical equipment
- Industrial machinery
- Household appliances
- Products exposed to heavy rain or cleaning water
If your product faces direct water spray or high-moisture environments, IPX5 is the safer choice.
IPX4 vs. IPX5: Comparison Overview
| Feature | IPX4 | IPX5 |
|---|---|---|
| Water exposure | Splashes | Water jets |
| Water intensity | Lower | Higher |
| Typical environment | Light rain | Heavy rain / washdown |
| Protection level | Basic | Enhanced |
| Test severity | Moderate | High |
Conclusion: IPX5 is not universally better—it is simply designed for more demanding water exposure conditions.
Is IPX5 Suitable for Shower Use?
This is one of the most searched questions related to IP ratings.
Short Answer:
Yes, IPX5 can withstand shower spray, but it is not designed for submersion or continuous water exposure.
Explanation:
- Showerheads produce water jets from multiple angles
- IPX5 testing simulates similar water pressure and spray direction
- IPX5 does not guarantee immersion protection
For devices intended for full water immersion, higher ratings such as IPX7 or IPX8 are required. Always follow manufacturer usage guidelines.
How Are IPX4 and IPX5 Waterproof Tests Performed?
To verify compliance with IEC 60529, professional waterproof test equipment must be used.
IEC 60529 IPX3 / IPX4 Handheld Spray Nozzle (BND-IPX34P)
Brand: SZBONAD
Model: BND-IPX34P
This handheld spray nozzle is designed for manual IPX3 and IPX4 waterproof testing, especially suitable for large or irregularly shaped products.
Key Features:
- Handheld design allows testing from any angle
- Brass spray nozzle with SUS304 stainless steel handle
- Adjustable water pressure and flow rate
- Fully compliant with IEC 60529 requirements
Technical Specifications:
- Number of spray holes: 121
- Hole diameter: 0.5 mm
- Spray face diameter: 102 mm
- Spray angle radius: 78°
- Water flow: 10 L/min (±5%, adjustable)
- Pressure gauge: 0 – 0.25 MPa
Test Method:
- With baffle covering 1/3 of the nozzle → IPX3 test
- Without baffle → IPX4 test
This equipment is widely used for testing lamps, electrical enclosures, and automotive components.
IPX5 / IPX6 Water Jet Test Nozzle Set
For higher-level waterproof testing, an IPX5 / IPX6 water jet nozzle set is required.
Standard Configuration:
- Spray handle with pressure gauge and throttle valve
- IPX5 and IPX6 interchangeable spray nozzles
- Flow meter for accurate measurement
Technical Parameters:
| Item | IPX5 | IPX6 |
|---|---|---|
| Nozzle diameter | 6.3 mm | 12.5 mm |
| Water flow rate | 12.5 ± 0.625 L/min | 100 ± 5 L/min |
| Pressure gauge | 0 – 0.25 MPa | 0 – 0.25 MPa |
| Test distance | 2.5 – 3 m | 2.5 – 3 m |
| Test duration | ≥1 min/m², ≥3 min | ≥1 min/m², ≥3 min |
| Standard | IEC 60529 | IEC 60529 |
This test system is ideal for industrial products, outdoor equipment, and appliances requiring IPX5 or IPX6 certification.
Final Thoughts: Choosing Between IPX4 and IPX5
- Choose IPX4 for light splash protection and indoor or semi-outdoor use
- Choose IPX5 for direct water spray, heavy rain, or washdown environments
- Always verify product compliance using IEC 60529-certified test equipment
Accurate waterproof testing ensures product reliability, regulatory compliance, and customer confidence.
FAQ
What is the main difference between IPX4 and IPX5?
IPX4 protects against water splashes from any direction, while IPX5 protects against water jets from any direction. IPX5 provides a higher level of water resistance.
Is IPX5 better than IPX4?
IPX5 is not always better. It is designed for stronger water exposure, while IPX4 is sufficient for light splashing or rain. The correct rating depends on the application environment.
Is IPX4 suitable for outdoor use?
IPX4 is suitable for outdoor environments with light rain or occasional splashes. It is not recommended for heavy rain or direct water spray.
Can an IPX5-rated device be used in the shower?
An IPX5-rated device can withstand shower spray but is not designed for continuous exposure or water immersion. For immersion, IPX7 or IPX8 is required.
What standard defines IPX4 and IPX5 testing?
IPX4 and IPX5 waterproof testing requirements are defined by the international standard IEC 60529.
What equipment is used to test IPX4 and IPX5?
IPX4 testing uses a spray or handheld nozzle for splash testing, while IPX5 testing uses a calibrated water jet nozzle with controlled flow and pressure, in accordance with IEC 60529.
